Europe was marking the 75th anniversary of the surrender of Nazi Germany to Allied forces following six years of war  in a low-key fashion Friday  due to coronavirus lockdown restrictions across the continent.
The big celebrations that had been planned have been either cancelled or scaled back dramatically and people across Europe have been asked to mark the moment in private.  
There will be no mass gatherings, no hugging or kissing, but that day of liberation is being remembered from Belfast to Berlin. For the few World War II veterans still left, many living in nursing homes under virus lockdowns, it’s a particularly difficult time.BritainUp and down the U.K., people have been getting into the spirit of VE Day, which for this year alone has been designated as a public holiday.
Many are dressing up in 1940s attire, while bunting has been displayed outside homes, including at 10 Downing Street in London that houses the prime minister’s office. People are also being encouraged to go out onto their doorsteps to sing Dame Vera Lynn’s iconic wartime anthem, “We’ll Meet Again” — which has added resonance now as families and friends are separated by coronavirus lockdowns.
People gathered in a socially distanced way on the hills of south London to marvel at the Royal Air Force’s Red Arrows. The nine planes flew in formation above the River Thames and let loose their red, white and blue smoke to mark the colors of the Union flag.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who lit a candle Thursday evening by the grave of the Unknown Warrior in Westminster Abbey in remembrance of those who gave their lives, wrote to the country’s veterans, describing them as “the greatest generation of Britons who ever lived.”
Prince Charles and his wife, the Duchess of Cornwall, led the country in a two-minute silence at the war memorial on the grounds of Balmoral Castle in Scotland. Charles laid a wreath of poppies on behalf of the nation. At the U.K.’s main memorial on Whitehall in central London, traffic ground to a halt as people observed the silence.  
The tributes will continue through the day. The victory speech of Britain’s wartime prime minister, Winston Churchill, will be broadcast on BBC Television.  
Queen Elizabeth II will speak to the nation at 9 p.m., the exact time that her father, King George VI, addressed Britons 75 years ago.FranceFrench President Emmanuel Macron led a small ceremony at the Arc de Triomphe monument to mark the anniversary. He lay a wreath and relit the flame of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, atop a deserted Champs-Elysees, Paris’ grandest avenue.  
Macron was accompanied by former presidents Francois Hollande and Nicolas Sarkozy, each carefully observing social distancing. Macron cleaned his hands with hand gel after signing the official register.  
Four singers of the French Army Chorus sang the national anthem, “La Marseillaise.”
Macron also laid a wreath at the statue of one of his predecessors, Charles de Gaulle, the general revered for leading the French Resistance from London after France had fallen in 1940. France was liberated in 1944.GermanyGerman Chancellor Angela Merkel and other top officials laid wreaths at the memorial to victims of war and violence in Berlin, standing in silence as a trumpet played. The low-key ceremony on an empty Unter den Linden boulevard replaced a bigger event that President Frank-Walter Steinmeier had once planned to lead outside the Reichstag parliament building.
“The corona pandemic is forcing us to commemorate alone – apart from those who are important to us and to whom we are grateful,” Steinmeier said. He recalled that, on May 8, 1945, “the Germans were really alone,” militarily defeated, economically devastated and “morally ruined.”
“We had made an enemy of the whole world,” he said in a nationally televised address. Seventy-five years later, he said, “we are not alone.”
Steinmeier underlined Germans’ responsibility to “think, feel and act as Europeans” in this time of crisis and to confront far-right attacks wherever they emerge.
“If we don’t keep Europe together, in and after this pandemic, we will prove not to be worthy of May 8,” he said.
Germans have come to see the Nazis’ defeat as a liberation.
“We Germans can say today that the day of liberation is a day of gratitude,” Steinmeier said. “Today, we must liberate ourselves – from the temptation of a new nationalism; from fascination with the authoritarian; from distrust, isolation and enmity between nations; from hatred and agitation, from xenophobia and contempt for democracy.”
Merkel spoke with Russian President Vladimir Putin by phone Friday to mark the anniversary, and the two agreed the war is a reminder of the need for “close cooperation between states and people to preserve and encourage peace and understanding.”  Poland
In Poland, VE Day elicits mixed emotions as the defeat of Nazi Germany did not lead to the immediate freedoms that other European nations enjoyed. After the war, Poland was subjugated by the Soviet Union, and remained part of the communist bloc until 1989.  
At a wreath-laying commemoration at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Warsaw, President Andrzej Duda described VE Day as a “bittersweet anniversary” for a country that endured one of the most brutal Nazi occupations. Six million of Poland’s 35 million people were killed, half of whom were Jewish.  
Duda lamented the fact that thousands of Polish troops who had fought alongside Allied forces during the war were later “betrayed” by the Allies and were not allowed to march in the 1946 Victory Parade in London for fear of straining British relations with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.
World War II began on Sept. 1, 1939, when Adolf Hitler’s Nazi forces invaded Poland. 
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Croatia’s defense minister has resigned after an air force training plane crashed shortly after takeoff from a military airbase in the southwest of the country.Both crew members were killed in Thursday’s crash. A similar accident three months ago, when a helicopter crashed, also killed two pilots.Damir Krsticevic announced his resignation, saying “we have to be transparent” and take responsibility for the crashes.”This is a big loss for the Croatian army,” Krsticevic said. “I am today stepping down from the role of vice president of the government and minister of defense of the Croatian Republic. Thank you.”The Croatian Defense Ministry said in a statement that the Zlin single-engine aircraft crashed at around 4 p.m. local time during a routine training flight near the central Adriatic town of Zadar.The ministry did not give any explanation for the possible cause of the accident.Images for the from the scene of the crash showed a small plane’s wreckage in flames, near what seemed to be a private house.
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In Serbia, hundreds of people took to the streets of the capital, Belgrade, late Thursday to demonstrate against the country’s president, Aleksandar Vucic.Protesters from the “Citizens’ Resistance” movement accuse Vucic of curbing democratic freedoms.”We are here because we are angry at our government, because of everything they did to us during the past two months, and even more time,” said protester Biljana Stojkovic. “This is the clear repression, and we think that this is a dictatorship we are living in nowadays. So, this is not just because of COVID-19, this is because of everything else that is going on in this country.”The protest in front of the presidency building was organized just one day after the authorities lifted restrictions imposed to curb the spread of COVID-19.Once during the protest, participants led by some opposition leaders attempted to storm the building’s entrance. Security guards did not intervene.Critics have accused Vucic of using the state of emergency imposed due to the coronavirus pandemic to tighten his grip on power ahead of the general elections, which are to be held next month. Vucic has denied the accusations.Some opposition parties have announced a boycott of June’s election, questioning its freedom and fairness.The opposition also accuses Vucic of controlling the mainstream media, of not allowing it to give space to critical voices.
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France’s leader on Thursday called for closer cooperation with Russia as the world struggles against the coronavirus, recalling the joint Allied effort to defeat Nazi Germany that ended 75 years ago.In a conversation with Russian President Vladimir Putin, President Emmanuel Macron expressed “the recognition of the French people” as both countries prepare to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II in Europe this week. The Soviet Union played a key role in defeating Nazi Germany, whose forces occupied France.Despite tensions with Russia over its actions in Ukraine, Macron argued that “this common memory should bring us together.” He added that the virus pandemic “makes the construction of peace and stability on the continent and in the rest of the world more necessary than ever,” according to a French presidential statement.While France is starting to reopen as the virus recedes, infections are still rising in Russia.Macron has increasingly reached out to Russia, even as his relationship with United States President Donald Trump has been strained by trade and other disputes.Trump also spoke with Putin Thursday, saying the U.S. is ready to provide assistance to any country in need, including Russia, according to the White House. 
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Belarusian authorities have stripped two Russian journalists of accreditation after their reports about the growing coronavirus outbreak in the country.
 
The Foreign Ministry in Minsk did not give a reason for the move against journalist Aleksei Kruchinin and cameraman Sergei Panasyuk, who work for Russia’s Channel One television company.
 
But a Belarusian state television channel aired a report in response to Channel One’s coverage of the coronavirus outbreak in Belarus, accusing Russian journalists of spreading false information.
 
Channel One called Minsk’s move “absolutely groundless” and company representatives told RFE/RL on May 7 that reactions to the move “will be made on diplomatic levels as well.”
 
According to Channel One’s representatives, Kruchinin left Minsk for Moscow right after the ministry’s announcement, while his family remains in the Belarusian capital.
 
As of May 6, Belarus had reported 19,255 confirmed coronavirus cases and 112 deaths.
 
Belarusian President Aleksandr Lukashenko has repeatedly derided concerns over COVID-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus.
 
He has claimed disregard for the environment was in part to blame for the spread of the virus, and activities like planting trees could help defend against it.
 
In stark contrast to other European countries that have adopted strict lockdown measures to contain the pandemic, Belarus has kept its borders open and allowed soccer matches in the national league to be played in front of spectators.
 
On May 9, Minsk will host a military parade marking the 75th anniversary of the Allied victory over Nazi Germany, an event that was cancelled in Russia and other former Soviet republics, except Turkmenistan, over fears of large crowds gathering amid the coronavirus outbreak.
 Some information contained in this report came from AP.
 
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The Bundesliga soccer season will resume on May 16 in empty stadiums, picking up right where it left off two months ago amid the coronavirus pandemic.Thursday’s announcement comes one day after clubs were told the season could restart following a meeting between German Chancellor Angela Merkel and the country’s 16 state governors.”Everyone has to be clear. We’re playing on probation,” German soccer league managing director Christian Seifert said. “I expect everyone to live up to this responsibility. Our concept is designed to catch infections early.”Seifert said the return of soccer was because of the success the country’s leaders and health officials have had in response to the outbreak.Germany has had a high number of COVID-19 infections — nearly 170,000 by Thursday, according to Johns Hopkins University — with about 7,000 deaths, a lower number compared to elsewhere.The country’s relative success in combating the virus has been attributed to early testing, a robust health service and strict lockdown measures that are now being loosened.”That we’re allowed to play again boils down to German politics for managing this crisis, and the health system in Germany,” Seifert said. “If I were to name the number of tests that I was asked about in teleconferences with other professional leagues, with American professional leagues, with clubs from the NFL, the NHL, Major League Baseball and others, and I tell them how many tests are possible in Germany, they generally check, or there’s silence, because it’s just unimaginable in the situation over there.”Only about a third of Germany’s massive testing capacity of almost 1 million a week is being currently used, said Lars Schaade, the deputy head of the Robert Koch Institute.Seifert said the season will restart with the 26th round of games, including the Ruhr derby between Borussia Dortmund and Schalke on the opening Saturday. That match will test local authorities who hope to keep groups of fans from gathering around the stadium or at bars to watch on television.Pay-TV broadcaster Sky said it will show all games on the first two weekends for free in Germany.Seifert, who was speaking in Frankfurt after a video conference with members from each club, warned that everyone involved will need to maintain strict hygiene measures to ensure another suspension will not be necessary.The Bundesliga was suspended on March 13 with nine rounds remaining. Seifert said the last round is now planned for the weekend of June 27-28. He said the second division will also begin on May 16.”The decision means economic survival for some clubs,” Seifert said.Seifert said there have been 10 positive cases of COVID-19 in the first two waves of tests among the 36 professional clubs, with another two positive cases found in a third wave.It was initially planned that teams would spend two weeks in quarantine before games could resume, but a compromise on shorter training camps in isolation for each team was reached because players have been undergoing regular tests.Seifert said a decision on whether to temporarily allow five substitutions per match depends on FIFA rules. FIFA made the proposal to help players cope with game congestion but it is still subject to approval from the International Football Association Board, soccer’s law-making body.
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The daily flights and ferries carrying tourists and French retirees seem a distant memory, even as a chunk of the diaspora has returned to ancestral villages.  
 
Just 200 kilometers across the Mediterranean, the island of Corsica has never seemed so cut off from mainland France. The coronavirus has restored a sense of identity and separation that independence fighters have long sought.  
 
The pandemic, however, is also fueling more tangible demands. The nationalists running the island’s government want to manage the health crisis “the Corsican way,” which includes piloting a controversial treatment program and deciding on school openings.
 
“Our strategy needs to be adapted to the reality on the ground,” said Gilles Simeoni, president of the island’s executive council. A goat ranch in the Agriate region of northern Corsica. (Lisa Bryant/VOA)Such sentiments are echoed elsewhere in Europe by territories long pushing for greater economic and political power from capitals, said University of Bordeaux political scientist and Corsica expert Thierry Dominici.  
 
COVID-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus, is giving them new cause.  
 
“In Corsica, we have the impression the elected leadership wants to move forward” in managing the island’s response to COVID-19, Dominici added. “But the administrative situation imposed by the state has tied their hands.”  
 Rocky ties  
 
With soaring mountains, spectacular beaches and winding country roads—where drivers still slow for crossing sheep—Corsica has long had a rocky relationship with Paris. A long-running and violent independence movement, the FLNC, formally laid down its arms in 2014.Graffiti supporting Corsica’s FLNC liberation movement covers a road sign in the island’s Balagne region. (Lisa Bryant/VOA)Polls have shown little local appetite for full independence from France, on which the island depends heavily for tourism and subsidies. But a Corsican sense of identity, seen in a resurgence of the local language and traditions, remains powerful.  
 
In 2015, a politically complex stew of nationalists surged to power, which they still hold. When the coronavirus lockdown began in mid-March, a number of Corsicans living in mainland France headed home to spend time with families.  
 
Regional council head Simeoni has called for an “independent scientific” council in Corsica to manage the coronavirus response, and for making the island a “pilot territory” in using malaria drug chloroquine to treat the infection. Ostriconi beach in Corsica, usually packed in the summer. (Lisa Bryant/VOA)Corsican mayors are also joining others in France in opposing government plans to begin reopening schools next week.
 
Paris has promised regional and local governments greater leeway in managing the crisis. Still, it has nixed Corsica’s chloroquine pitch, allowing the island a more modest option of joining a clinical trial in Bordeaux.  
 
“It’s very insufficient,” said Corsican Assembly leader Jean-Guy Talamoni of Paris’ response. He says “Corsica must have its own method” of dealing with the pandemic.  
 
Critics suggest such declarations are opportunistic—deepening the divisions between the more moderate Simeoni and Talamoni, who has long championed Corsica’s full independence from France.Goats and sheep still cause traffic jams on winding Corsican roads like this one. (Lisa Bryant/VOA) 
“Talamoni is using the situation for political ends, which is totally stupid,” said political analyst Jean Petaux of Sciences Po Bordeaux University.  
 
“On the one hand, he wants the island to be independent and fly with its own wings,” Petaux said. “On the other, there’s an unending demand for state support,” including compensation for tourism and other economic losses wrought by the virus.  
 Pushback elsewhere in Europe
 
Corsica is hardly alone in pushing for greater local control of the health crisis.  
 
In Spain, Catalonia’s separatist leader, Quim Torra, has bucked Madrid’s plans to extend a state of emergency underpinning its lockdown, and joined the Basque region in opposing “co-goverance” with the state in unwinding confinement.The coast near the western Corsican village of Girolata. (Lisa Bryant/VOA) In Italy, regions run by opposition rightist parties argue Rome’s plans to end confinement are not bold enough. Southern Calabria announced restaurants and bars with outdoor seating could reopen immediately — countering the government’s timeline of June 1.  
 
Scottish nationalists are similarly protesting health orders coming from England.  
 
“The suggestion that Scotland and England must march forth entirely in unison is absurd,” Scottish National Party lawmaker Kenny MacAskill wrote in The Scotsman newspaper, adding many measures to end confinement would likely be replicated in both areas, nonetheless.  
 
In more decentralized Germany, the federal government and local states have agreed on ways to ease the lockdown, although some want restrictions lifted faster.  Northwestern Corsica’s Balagne region is a draw for tourists and retirees. (Lisa Bryant/VOA)For his part, Corsica expert Dominici believes COVID-19, following other crises like the environment, will make greater local decision-making inevitable.  
 
“Even if the state doesn’t want to, it will have to give regions more rights to manage the deconfinement,” he added of the pandemic. 
Nor should Corsica’s nationalists be underestimated, he said. They are no longer political newbies.  
 
“This is their second term in office,” Dominici said. “That’s not nothing. They’re a political force to be reckoned with.” 
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Quarantines and travel don’t mix, but Greece is contemplating opening its borders to travelers from at least two other countries whose COVID-19 outbreaks are under control to revive tourism, which has been devastated by the pandemic.The move, according to Tourism Minister Harris Theoharis, would include setting up a “corona corridor” among Greece, Cyprus and Israel, attracting tourists less willing to travel far in the coming months, allowing them access to the islands of the Aegean and Mediterranean seas by early July.”Several details still have to be worked out,” Theoharis told VOA. “But when we knocked on Israel’s door, it opened wide open. The interest is there; so too with Cyprus.””It is an ambitious scheme that could square the circle,” he said.After Cyprus, Greece is the European Union’s most vulnerable country in terms of tourism. The profitable industry accounts for about one-fifth of its economy and 1 in 4 jobs. Also, in recent years, the country has become a favorite travel destination for young Israelis, attracting nearly a million visitors from the Middle Eastern country.Details of the corona corridor plan have yet to be finalized. However, its creation, Theoharis said, would allow travelers to forgo quarantines or two-week isolation periods.”You don’t want to go on holiday knowing that you will spend it in lockdown,” Theoharis said.Empty chairs with various slogans from the union of bars and restaurants owners are placed at Athens’ main Syntagma square May 6, 2020.Times nevertheless remain difficult for the tourism industry.Since much of the world went into lockdown and nations closed their borders to slow the spread of COVID-19, international travel has plunged, bringing an industry employing 75 million to a standstill.While travelers cannot globe-trot as they did three months ago, studies show that many still dream of escaping their homes — albeit for nearer destinations.The European Union’s executive body, the European Commission, is to release the first EU-wide guidelines for coronavirus-era tourism on Wednesday. Until then, though, several states, including Greece, have wasted no time in taking matters into their own hands.Detailed negotiations with Israel and Cyprus in coming weeks will focus on attempts to thrash out a deal to revive tourism while preventing a catastrophic second wave of the disease.”That means agreeing on every possible guideline and health protocol — from the medical clearances travelers will need to have before setting foot in either of the three countries, to whether hotels will offer breakfast and dinner buffets,” Theoharis said. “Tracking and tracing systems will also have to be in place if there is an outbreak of infections at a resort.””It is a difficult exercise,” he said.Yet with the EU reluctant to issue a blanket release on travel, options like the corona corridor are gaining appeal.The Czech Republic is said to be considering a similar plan with neighboring Slovakia and Croatia. Malta, the Mediterranean island nation that relies heavily on tourism, has also called for the creation of “safe corridors” among territories and regions proven successful in their management of the COVID-19 pandemic.Early and rigorous controls instituted by the Greek government of Prime Minister  Kyriakos Mitsotakis have helped keep most of the country’s idyllic hot spots free of the pandemic.A man wearing a mask to protect against the coronavirus walks in Syntagma square in central Athens, on May 5, 2020.Even so, several Greek hoteliers remain wary of the corona corridor proposal.On Crete, a hugely popular spot for U.S. and British vacationers, hotel owners are considering keeping resorts closed until authorities provide ironclad assurances to ensure their operation.”We are not prepared to risk any human life for the sake of business and profit,” said Manolis  Tsalakakis, president of the hotel owners’ association in Rethimon, a city on Crete’s northern coast, “but we need to be legally covered in the case that we do have an infection during holiday stays.””These are all parameters that have be in put in place before we even consider opening up for business again.”Meanwhile, Italy, among the countries hardest hit by the pandemic, has raised serious concerns about the plan, saying it creates unfair competition, further penalizing the country as it struggles to recover from the death, fear and hardship brought on by the virus.On Thursday, though, Theoharis said Greece would eventually reach out to Italy if its corona corridor plan proves effective.”Israel and Cyprus are just the start,” he told VOA. “Bulgaria, Austria may join in at the next step, eventually bringing in Italy and the United States, where huge pools of expats are eager to come back and visit.”Each step must be planned, though, he said.”We have to first stand up, before we start walking and running again,” he said. 
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As its coronavirus death rate ebbs, Spain is at last easing one of the strictest lockdowns in the world. But analysts fear its political polarization will hamper its ability climb back from what is expected to be the deepest economic recession since the 1936-39 civil war.Unlike some other European countries, where parties have made visible efforts to put aside their differences to fight the virus, in Spain the epidemic has only emphasized ideological divisions.Conservative opposition parties have unsparingly criticized the handling of the crisis by Pedro Sánchez, the Socialist prime minister, who heads a minority government. Most recently, they are demanding a swifter reopening of the economy than Sanchez is willing to sanction.The prime minister has hit back, telling the Spanish parliament: “Lifting the state of emergency would be a total, unpardonable mistake.” He added that billions of dollars in state aid to help companies and individuals were available only because of the lockdown order.When Sánchez this week called for another extension of the lockdown until May 24, the parliamentary vote should have been a formality. Instead it blew up into a political row, underlining problems which will dog the government when the immediate health crisis recedes.Pablo Casado, leader of the main opposition conservative People’s Party, initially threatened to vote against extending the lockdown. He said measures designed to contain the spread of the crisis were no longer necessary at a time when people were being allowed outside after more than two months of confinement.“We cannot support extending the state of emergency,” Casado told Spanish radio Onda Zero this week. “When the prime minister says that … we are in a phase of de-escalation, it does not seem compatible with continuing to demand extraordinary measures against the rights and freedoms of Spaniards.”After initially supporting the government, Casado has accused the government of recklessly allowing large marches to mark International Women’s Day on March 8 against the advice of health bodies, for acting too slowly and for inconsistencies in releasing data.People wearing face masks to combat the spread of coronavirus walk in a public park in Madrid, Spain, May 6, 2020.Casado, who later backed down and supported extending the state of emergency, was far from alone in opposing the government.Santiago Abascal, leader of the far-right Vox party, which is the third-largest force in parliament with 52 seats, claimed Sánchez and his left-wing allies Unidas Podemos are replacing a democratic normality with “totalitarianism,” which he said leads to “death, more ruin, more unemployment and less freedom.”The Catalan Republican Left, a regional separatist party on whom the left-wing government depends for support, also promised to oppose the extension, arguing against Sánchez’s centralization of health care, which is usually handled by regional authorities.Other Catalan separatist politicians have even suggested there would have been fewer deaths if the crisis had been managed by an independent Catalonia.Sánchez only scraped together enough votes to pass the lockdown extension by doing a last-minute deal with the centrist Ciudadanos party and promising more autonomy to moderate nationalists in the Basque country.For Sánchez, the battle was won but the war is far from over. Analysts believe the minority government, which depends on several small parties for its survival, may struggle to enact bold measures designed to steer Spain back from an economic recession.The outlook is relentlessly grim. The country suffered one of the world’s worst outbreaks of the disease, forcing the government in Madrid to put the economy effectively into hibernation.The Bank of Spain forecasts GDP could contract by up to 12 percent this year and unemployment could rise from 14 percent to above 20 percent. Spain’s jobless figure rose by 282,000 in April, according to government data, largely because of the collapse of the tourism industry which accounts for 15 perccent of GDP.The car industry, a key indicator of economic health in Spain, sold the same number of cars in the entire month of April as it would sell in one day in normal times.A man holds a face mask as he rests in a public park in Madrid, Spain, May 6, 2020.A parliamentary commission will oversee the country’s economic regeneration, but just setting up the commission took weeks of wrangling between Sánchez and Casado.William Chislett, an analyst at the Real Elcano Institute, a think tank in Madrid, believes the fragmented political landscape will make it hard to find agreement on a common policy.“There are 16 parties in parliament involved in the regeneration commission. It is difficult to see what they will come up with. Perhaps more taxes, as they will need more money, but that will be opposed by the People’s Party,” he said.“What you have to remember is, Spain was in a weak position before this, with high public debt and unemployment. Now it faces an even worse situation, with lots of political division.”With the threat of a second outbreak ever present, political unity will be key to managing the health service and preventing another grim tally of deaths.Rafael Bengoa, a former director of the World Health Organization and adviser to the U.S. government on public health, said that during the so-called Spanish flu pandemic in 1918, the degree of political solidarity in different U.S. cities had a direct relationship to how well they prevented a second wave of the illness.St. Louis, Missouri, was able to withstand the virulent flu outbreak, which killed an estimated 40 million people worldwide, while Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, both in Pennsylvania,  suffered from second waves of the illness.A 2007 study published in the of the American Medical Association said multi-agency cooperation in St. Louis meant its death rate was lower, whereas in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh this cooperation did not exist and the number of fatalities was higher. “History has shown that political unity is one more instrument against a virus, along with a vaccine,” said Bengoa. “This unity has begun to break down in Spain and this will not help if there is another outbreak.”Successive polls have found Spaniards would like their politicians to put their differences aside to address the national crisis.Pablo Simón, a political analyst at the University Carlos III in Madrid, said Spain’s problem is that its political parties do not prioritize the long-term good of the nation.“Polarization generates instability. As there are so many political parties, they are only looking for short- or medium-term gain,” he said. 
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Germany’s recent decision to ban the political activities of the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah has sparked a debate among experts, with some believing the move was necessary while others arguing it would have little impact on Hezbollah’s terrorist activities.German authorities last week declared the Iranian-backed group a “Shiite terrorist organization,” outlawing its activity on German soil. Police also carried out raids on mosques and community centers with suspected links to the extremist group in different parts of Germany.“Germany’s designation is a recognition of Hezbollah’s unitary nature – that it has no separate military or political wings as the EU declared in its 2013 designation,” said Josh Lipowsky, a senior researcher at the Washington-based Counter Extremism Project (CEP).The European Union considers Hezbollah’s military wing a terrorist organization, while allowing its political wing to operate in the bloc’s countries. The Netherlands and Germany are the only EU members that recognize Hezbollah in its entirety as a terrorist organization. The U.K. dropped the distinction last year, but it is no longer part of the EU.In 1997, Hezbollah was designated a foreign terrorist organization by the U.S. State Department.Previous actionsExperts said the decision came after a series of actions taken by German authorities in the past few years against the Shiite group.“The first real action that the German government took was in 2008 when it banned Hezbollah’s al-Manar TV station [from] broadcasting in Germany,” said Hans-Jakob Schindler, a terrorism expert based in Berlin.“In 2014, they banned an alleged charity that was actually a front for the Martyrs Organization of Hezbollah in Germany [but it] was an orphan kids project in Lebanon. … It was organization which had a charitable status in Germany but was connected to financing the families of killed Hezbollah fighters rather than supporting actual orphans in Lebanon,” he told VOA.In 2015, Germany’s Supreme Court ruled that Hezbollah was an organization that disrupted global peace.Last December, Germany’s parliament called on the government to declare Hezbollah in its entirety a terrorist organization, but the government rejected the proposal at the time.The new banThe recent German move effectively outlaws public support for Hezbollah on German soil. Supporters of the group are no longer allowed to express support for it.According to German law, an organization that has no formal branch in Germany can’t be outlawed as such. But the new government measure against Hezbollah’s activities has the same legal consequences.“What can be done for organizations that are not German, like Hezbollah or other organizations, is that they can get banned from having any kind of activities directly or indirectly in Germany. That’s the maximum of what can be done against a foreign organization,” analyst Schindler said.But recognizing the entire structure of Hezbollah as a terrorist organization is also significant to cutting off support for its activities around the world, other experts argue.“Hezbollah receives monetary contributions from Lebanese expatriates, from criminal activities such as the drug trade and counterfeiting,” said Lipowsky of CEP.He told VOA that “this sort of legislation will help to crack down on these types of activities, particularly when it comes to fundraising within community organizations such as the Islamic centers in Germany where we saw a Hezbollah presence, targeting Lebanese expatriates.”US pressure?U.S. officials have lauded Germany for the move against Hezbollah.“We commend Germany for banning Hizballah in its entirety as a terrorist organization and for taking strong action against suspected Hizballah supporters,” Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said in a statement last week.“Obstructing this terrorist organization’s ability to plot terrorist attacks and to raise money will further reduce Iran’s malign behavior and influence,” Pompeo added.Some experts argue that the German decision to ban Hezbollah came partially because of pressure from the U.S. government against Iran, Hezbollah’s main benefactor.“I think for the U.S., it’s a declared goal to isolate Iran with their ‘maximum pressure’ campaign,” said René Wildangel, a Berlin-based policy fellow at the European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR). “They left nuclear agreement. They are increasing their pressure on Iran and they are trying to build a coalition.”Wildangel told VOA that the other side of the story is that there is “genuine concern about activity, not necessarily of Hezbollah, but of organizations or people that might be connected to the military wing. There is genuine concern about the incidents of anti-Semitism that we’ve seen in past terrorist activities.”Israeli involvementIsraeli media reported that the country’s intelligence agencies provided their German counterparts crucial information on Hezbollah’s activities in Germany.“This decision, which is a dramatic departure from Berlin’s previous policy, was made based on intel from [the Israeli intelligence agency] Mossad to Germany’s intelligence service BND that some Hezbollah affiliates were stashing big volumes of ammonium nitrate, a material used to make explosives, in various warehouses in the south of Germany,” said Meir Javedanfar, a Middle East expert at the Interdisciplinary Center in Herzliya, Israel.Israel considers Hezbollah a major threat to its security. Since the start of Syria’s war in 2011, Israel has frequently carried out attacks against Hezbollah targets in Syria.But analyst Javedanfar believes the labeling of Hezbollah by Germany would have little effect on the group and “wouldn’t change its agenda, its purpose or its functionality.”“The only way this might impact Hezbollah’s activities would be in connection with its functionality within Lebanon’s government and its recent loan request from the IMF,” he said.The Lebanese government, largely controlled by Hezbollah, recently requested assistance from the International Monetary Fund to help fix the country’s crippling economic crisis.“If this designation distresses the IMF rescue deal, then the group would face some dire shortcomings and Tehran’s support for the group would be at much higher stakes. Tehran has to foot a higher bill for its enormous support,” Javedanfar told VOA.The Iranian government has condemned Germany for its recent decision against Hezbollah, accusing Berlin of giving in to the U.S. and Israel.Hadi Borhani, a Tehran-based analyst, said this labeling carries no importance or impact on Iran and its Lebanese ally.“The designation of Hezbollah as a terrorist group at this time is just a hollow and baseless move with zero significance or weight,” he said.
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Russia has announced plans for a gradual easing of coronavirus restrictions after the so-called non-working period ends Monday.Officials announced the decision after discussions with President Vladimir Putin on Wednesday, despite a stream of more than 10,000 new COVID-19 cases a day in recent days. Russia now reports the world’s seventh-highest number of infections, about 166,000 on Wednesday with 1,537 reported virus-related deaths, a comparatively low rate in contrast with other countries. Many analysts have expressed doubt that the figures are realistic.“The Russian media presents this as a result of the Russian medicine, which, they claim, inherited the ‘best’ traditions of the Soviet medicine,” said Russia analyst Peter Eltsov, author of the book ‘The Long Telegram 2.0: A Neo-Kennanite Approach to Russia.’ He told VOA in an email that the official news media “also constantly thanks Putin for his allegedly remarkable and humane leadership, claiming that the U.S. has failed to counter the virus properly.”Peter Eltsov, Russia analyst and authorBut, Eltsov said, “the Russian people are very skeptical about the threat of coronavirus and the legality of the quarantine measures introduced by the Russian government, particularly in Moscow, where people are not allowed to leave their houses, except for the most essential needs.”Russia’s densely populated capital has been the city hit hardest by the coronavirus.Putin has not imposed a state of emergency. Instead, he instructed local leaders to enact the unpopular lockdown measures.“Housing conditions for the majority of the Russian people are tough,” Eltsov said. “Families of three to five often reside in two- to three-room apartments.” He said the timing of reopening may be premature.Putin left it for local leaders to decide on the pace of reopening. He said in some regions the measures should remain in place or be tightened if necessary.”We should not run ahead of ourselves,” Putin said, speaking from his Novo-Ogaryovo retreat west of Moscow. “The hardest-hit regions should keep strict measures in place while others should plan to gradually ease restrictions.”Moscow’s officials said that industrial and construction companies would be allowed to reopen Tuesday. But they said the service sector, businesses, schools and households will remain under strict lockdown and self-isolation.Governors of other regions said they would be relaxing shutdown orders to allow families to take recreational walks and small shops to reopen before extending the permission to other sectors.A man is illuminated in an apartment in a building on the outskirts of Moscow on May 4, 2020,during a strict lockdown in Russia to stop the spread of COVID-19 infection.Some analysts say Putin is avoiding making orders to either open or close the country that may backfire. His popularity appears to be declining along with Russia’s economy, which has suffered from an unprecedented loss of oil and gas revenues.The president’s approval rating fell to a historic low of 59 percent in April, down from 63 percent in March. The poll by Russia’s Levada Center was conducted by telephone instead of face-to-face, which could account for some of the loss. Putin’s approval rating was 69 percent in February. The coronavirus pandemic forced him to postpone a referendum scheduled for April that could have extended his power for life. He plans to hold it at a later date, but his prospects for success might be dimmed as he struggles to shore up the economy and contain the coronavirus outbreak.Russia’s coronavirus crisis deepened following reports of three doctors falling out of windows in separate cases. Two have died, and one is hospitalized in critical condition. All three had been critical of their working conditions and lack of protective measures.Alexander Shulepov, an ambulance doctor in Voronezh, a city about 515 kilometers south of Moscow, was in serious condition after falling from a hospital window on Saturday. He worked in the local Novousmanskaya hospital and was being treated there for coronavirus when he reportedly fell out of the window. But some of his colleagues claimed in social media posts that he was forced to continue working even after testing positive for coronavirus.Local officials deny that Shulepov was forced to work and say that negligence caused him to fall when he sat on a windowsill to smoke.Another doctor, Elena Nepomnyashchaya, fell from a high-floor window of a hospital in the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk on Friday and died after spending a week in intensive care. That doctor reportedly opposed turning a ward in her hospital into a coronavirus facility because of a lack of protective equipment. The regional health department denied the allegations in a statement, saying the hospital is in reserve for coronavirus patients and its staff had been trained and equipped.Natalya Lebedeva, head of the emergency medical service at Star City near Moscow, died on April 24 after a fall from a window at the facility.A history of deadly accidents befalling journalists and others critical of the government has sparked social media speculation that the doctors’ accidents were a result of foul play.Anastasia Vasilyeva, the head of Russia’s Alliance of Doctors, told CNN she did not think anyone was deliberately targeting doctors. The incidents, she said, likely reflect the stress doctors are under in an underfunded system during a pandemic.There is no official data on how many Russian medical workers have died while treating COVID-19 patients, but a group of Russian doctors compiled an online Memory List of health professionals who died during the outbreak.The list had 113 names on Wednesday.   
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In the battle against COVID-19, Russia – like other nations – adopted new measures to reduce and control the movement of citizens. The measures, unimaginable just a few months ago, pose a challenge for those who defend individual liberties. In a report narrated by Jon Spier, Ricardo Marquina in Moscow looks at how some fear the coronavirus measures could signal an easy regression in a society that for generations was conditioned to live under surveillance and total state control.
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German Chancellor Angela Merkel announced Wednesday the German soccer league Bundesliga can resume playing later this month, ending a two-month pause prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic.Merkel made the announcement as one of a range of containment measures being relaxed, following a meeting with the country’s 16 state governors Wednesday. Pressure to relax the rules had been growing because the rate of daily infections in the country has dropped.The chancellor said the league can proceed but must follow a series of strict hygiene rules, including holding matches without spectators and quarantine time for teams before they play.The Bundesliga has been inactive since mid-March, but clubs returned to some form of training in early April and have gradually increased their intensity levels over recent weeks.
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Soccer players in Spain returned to their team’s training camps Wednesday for the first time since the country entered a lockdown nearly two months ago because of the coronavirus pandemic.Players for Barcelona, Real Madrid, Atlético Madrid and other clubs started preparing for the return to training this week. They were all expected to be tested for COVID-19 and should be cleared to practice once the results are back. Most clubs are expected to resume practicing by the end of the week.The majority of players did not wear masks or gloves when they arrived, according to Spanish media. Lionel Messi, Gerard Piqué and Luis Suárez were among those without masks when they drove into Barcelona’s training center. Antoine Griezmann, Arturo Vidal and Ivan Rakitic did wear masks. Sergi Roberto arrived without a mask but had one on when he left.Real Madrid players Gareth Bale, Luka Modric and Karim Benzema arrived without masks, as did most of their teammates.Atlético Madrid posted some photos of its players arriving for tests wearing gloves and masks.Our first team players continue to carry out tests before training resumes.➡ https://t.co/3aipyTKfkX🔴⚪ #AúpaAtletipic.twitter.com/GxXgU1tV9Z— Atlético de Madrid (@atletienglish) May 6, 2020In general, players didn’t stay long at the club facilities, usually less than 30 minutes.Coaches also went to training camps and were tested. Barcelona coach Quique Setién was wearing gloves and a mask when he arrived.The training centers of all clubs were disinfected over the last couple of days. In addition to the players, all members of the coaching staff and other employees involved in training have to be tested for COVID-19 before the practice sessions can resume.The league wants the clubs to test all players daily after they start training.Players will initially practice individually. Smaller group sessions and full squad sessions will be allowed in upcoming weeks. The league sent clubs a protocol with safety guidelines on how to return to practice, detailing all measures that the players and the clubs must adopt.The league wants a training period of about a month before it can restart. It hopes to resume sometime in June with games without fans.Spain this week began easing some of the lockdown measures that were put in place in mid-March. Soccer players have been among the few athletes allowed to return to training facilities.However, players and coaches of Spanish club Eibar released a statement on Tuesday saying they were concerned about playing again amid the pandemic.
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From the marbled halls of Italy to the wheat fields of Kansas, health authorities are increasingly warning that the question isn’t whether a second wave of coronavirus infections and deaths will hit, but when — and how badly.  
As more countries and U.S. states chaotically reopen for business — including some where infection rates are still rising — managing future cases is as important as preventing them.
In India, which partly eased its virus lockdown this week, health authorities scrambled Wednesday to contain an outbreak at a massive market. Experts in hard-hit Italy, which just began easing some restrictions, warned lawmakers that a new wave of virus infections and deaths is coming. They urged intensified efforts to identify possible new victims, monitor their symptoms and trace their contacts.
Germany warned of a second and even a third wave, and threatened to re-impose virus restrictions if new cases can’t be contained. German Chancellor Angela Merkel was meeting Wednesday with the country’s 16 governors to discuss further loosening restrictions that have crippled Europe’s largest economy.
“There will be a second wave, but the problem is to which extent. Is it a small wave or a big wave? It’s too early to say,” said Olivier Schwartz, head of the virus and immunity unit at France’s Pasteur Institute.
Many areas are still struggling with the first wave of this pandemic. Brazil for the first time locked down a large city, the capital of Maranhão state. Across the ocean, the number of confirmed coronavirus cases in Africa has shot up 42% in the past week and infections are expected to surpass 50,000 on Wednesday.
An Associated Press analysis, meanwhile, found that U.S. infection rates outside the New York City area are in fact rising, notably in rural areas. It found New York’s progress against the virus was overshadowing increasing infections elsewhere.  
“Make no mistakes: This virus is still circulating in our community, perhaps even more now than in previous weeks,” said Linda Ochs, director of the Health Department in Shawnee County, Kansas.
The virus is known to have infected more than 3.6 million and killed more than 251,000 people, according to a tally by Johns Hopkins that all experts agree is an undercount due to limited testing, uneven victim criteria and deliberate concealment by some governments.
The U.S. has seen over 71,000 deaths amid its 1.2 million infections, and Europe has endured over 144,000 reported coronavirus deaths. Behind each of those vast numbers is a family in pain.
“Burying both parents at the same time? It’s hard,” said Desmond Tolbert, who lost his mother and father in rural southwest Georgia. Because they had the virus, he couldn’t be with them when they died.
U.S. President Donald Trump, with his eye on being reelected in November, is pushing hard to ease state stay-at-home orders and resuscitate the U.S. economy, which has seen over 30 million workers lose their jobs in less than two months. Trump is expected to wind down the country’s coronavirus task force, possibly within weeks, despite concerns that states aren’t being careful enough as they reopen.
A century ago, the Spanish flu epidemic’s second wave was far deadlier than its first, in part because authorities allowed mass gatherings from Philadelphia to San Francisco.
As Italy’s lockdown eased this week, Dr. Silvio Brusaferro, president of the Superior Institute of Health, urged “a huge investment” of resources to train medical personnel to monitor possible new cases. He said tracing apps — which are being built by dozens of countries and companies and touted as a possible technological solution — aren’t enough to manage future waves of infection.
“We are not out of the epidemic. We are still in it. I don’t want people to think there’s no more risk and we go back to normal,” said Dr. Giovanni Rezza, the head of the institute’s infectious disease department.
In Germany, authorities may reimpose restrictions on any county that reports 50 new cases for every 100,000 inhabitants within the past week.
Lothar Wieler, head of Germany’s national disease control center, said scientists “know with great certainty that there will be a second wave” of infections but said Germany is well-prepared to deal with it. The country has been hailed for testing widely and has suffered four times fewer deaths than Italy or Britain, which both have smaller populations.
Britain has begun recruiting 18,000 people to trace contacts of people infected. British officials acknowledge that they should have done more testing and tracing earlier and could learn from South Korea,  which brought its outbreak under control by rigorously testing, tracing and isolating infected people.
South Africa, which has years of experience tracking HIV and other infections, is already testing and tracing widely. Turkey has an army of 5,800 teams of contact tracers who have tracked down and tested nearly half a million people linked to infected cases. Israel plans to conduct 100,000 antibody tests to determine how widespread the coronavirus outbreak has been and prevent a second wave.
India was concentrated on the immediate drama around the market in the southern city of Chennai, which is now tied to at least 1,000 virus cases. Another 7,000 people connected to the now-shuttered Koyambedu market are being traced and quarantined. Experts are worried about a health catastrophe in a country of 1.3 billion people with an already stressed medical system.
New confirmed daily infections in the U.S. exceed 20,000, and deaths per day are well over 1,000, according to the Johns Hopkins tally. And public health officials warn that the failure to lower the infection rate could lead to many more deaths — perhaps tens of thousands — as people venture out and businesses reopen.
“The faster we reopen, the lower the economic cost — but the higher the human cost, because the more lives lost,” New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo said. “That, my friends, is the decision we are really making.”
Trump acknowledged the toll but argued that keeping the U.S. economy closed carries deadly costs of its own, such as drug abuse and suicides.
“I’m not saying anything is perfect, and yes, will some people be affected? Yes. Will some people be affected badly? Yes. But we have to get our country open and we have to get it open soon,” he said during a visit to Arizona in which he did not don a face mask.
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Britain’s death toll from the coronavirus has topped 32,000, according to an updated official count released Tuesday, pushing the country past Italy to become the second-most impacted after the United States.The new toll, from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and regional health bodies, has not yet been incorporated into the government’s daily figures, which records the current number of deaths as 29,427.That is still higher than Italy, which on Tuesday said it has recorded 29,316 virus fatalities to date, but far short of the U.S. where nearly 69,000 have died in the pandemic.However, British Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab urged against trying to make reliable international comparisons. Britain’s Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab speaks about the coronavirus pandemic during a remote press conference, May 5, 2020, in this handout image released by 10 Downing Street.”There are different ways of counting deaths … we now publish data that includes all deaths in all settings and not all countries do that,” he said at the daily Downing Street press conference.”Can you reliably know that all countries are measuring in the same way? And it also depends on how good, frankly, countries are in gathering their statistics.”Raab called the lives lost “a massive tragedy” and “something in this country, on this scale, in this way, that we’ve never seen before.”Tuesday’s updated statistics, showing 32,313 total deaths by around April 24, means Britain has probably had the highest official death numbers in Europe for days. ‘Real verdict’The toll has jumped dramatically on several occasions as the ONS — which tallies all deaths — has regularly updated its count.The agency releases figures weekly, covers periods up to two weeks prior and includes coronavirus deaths in care homes and the community.Until late last month, the health ministry’s daily tallies only counted those who died in hospital after having tested positive for COVID-19.Even after it began to include all fatalities with the virus listed on the death certificate, its totals have been far short of the later ONS totals.Deputy Manager Arvette Hattingh and carer Lucy Skidmore, who remain on site with five colleagues, talk to a resident through a window at Fremantle Trust care home, amid the coronavirus pandemic, in Princes Risborough, Britain, May 5, 2020.They have risen dramatically as the extent of the pandemic’s impact on care homes has emerged.Nearly 6,400 people with coronavirus have died in care homes in England alone, with numbers still rising even as the wider outbreak slows.More than 2,000 of those were reported in the last week of April — when Prime Minister Boris Johnson said Britain was “past the peak.”Meanwhile, the ONS has also recorded a total of around 42,000 “excess deaths” — how many more people have died in total than would normally be expected — in the past five weeks.It suggests Britain’s true death toll from the virus may be even higher.”I don’t think we’ll get a real verdict on how well countries have done until the pandemic is over,” Raab added.Britain, in its seventh week of an economically crippling lockdown, is trying to implement a new contact tracing strategy so it can ease the measures.Johnson is expected to set out his plan to lift the stringent social distancing regime next Sunday, according to media reports. 
 
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Researchers with Switzerland-based blood-screening company Quotient say they have developed a COVID-19 antibody test that will quickly and accurately determine whether test subjects have developed antibodies that would make them immune to the virus.In an interview with French news agency Agence France-Presse, Quotient Chief Executive Officer Franz Walt said the test has been shown to have a 100% sensitivity and 99.8% specificity claim, which would making it one of the most accurate tests for the COVID-19 available. Walt said the test was developed jointly between scientists working in Edinburgh, Scotland, and at Quotient’s headquarters in Switzerland. He said the test runs on an instrument called the Mosaic that can deliver an initial test in 35 minutes, with subsequent results every 24 seconds. After that, up to 3,000 tests per day can be delivered.An accurate antibody test would be valuable tool for ending a lockdown, as it could identify people who could not get the virus and not infect others.The company says the European Union has an interest in its test and the machine that runs it. The BBC reports the company is interested in negotiations with Britain, as well. 
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Europe’s tourism sector has lost out on weeks of revenue because of the coronavirus lockdown. Now that countries are planning to gradually reopen, potential tourists are facing different rules and safety guidelines across the continent.
Jan Nak is newly retired and was planning to camp around Portugal for the month of May with his wife. But due to the coronavirus, the Dutch couple opted to rent a summerhouse in the Netherlands instead. “As we didn’t get ill up until now, and my wife is still working, we said OK, we don’t take any risk and we stay in the Netherlands. And if you travel, you are a danger for another person as well. So, we didn’t want to endanger other people, and [wanted] to protect ourselves. We said, ‘If we can’t go this year, we go next year.’”   Southern and Mediterranean European countries attract millions of tourists like Nak and his wife each year.    A nearly empty Champs Elysees avenue is seen in central Paris, France. (Lisa Bryant/VOA)One of the most popular camping destinations is France. But that country closed all its camping sites on March 17, and the sites are losing out on the profitable spring season, when they usually make about a third of their yearly revenue.   Ge Kusters is the vice president of the French campsite union and manages a camp site in the popular Dordogne area in southwestern France. This region with castles, caves and historical sites attracts more than three million tourists each year.   Normally, Kusters would now be welcoming some of the estimated 10,000 people who visit the site each year. But these days, he is working on a detailed plan on how to safely reopen the grounds.   “The size of a campsite is in acres, not in square meters, so there’s no problem of having distance between the people,” he said. “For the toilet blocks it’s more about hygiene and special rules but that’s not too problematic. I think that in terms of animation that will change also a lot. The big events with concerts and so, that’s probably finished. So, we have to adapt ourselves to a new way of entertaining people.”   Although Britons, Germans and Dutch make up about 40 percent of visitors to France, the others are French nationals. Because of the coronavirus, many people prefer a vacation closer to home to feel safer, but also because each country has its own rules.   Tourists visit the Colosseum, in Rome, March 7, 2020. With the coronavirus emergency deepening in Europe, Italy, a focal point in the contagion, risks falling back into recession as foreign tourists are spooked from visiting its cultural treasures.France and Italy are planning to slowly reopen but won’t allow regional border crossings for now. Germany warns people against foreign travel although Austria hopes to attract German tourists.  Greece, a country that depends on tourism for 20 percent of its GDP, is considering only allowing in tourists who can prove they are not suffering from COVID-19 and have a so-called health passport. FILE – Tourists wearing protective masks watch the Presidential Guards in front of the parliament, in Athens, March 15, 2020.The different guidelines will make it difficult not only for intra-European travel, but also for travelers from outside the continent. A partial lifting of the lockdown will not work, says Tom Jenkins, CEO of the European Tourism Association. “That they’re going to be lifted piecemeal, and in a different way, is of concern. The whole industry as it stands as of March 2020 is geared toward looking after people in real volume with numbers. And if the precondition of any movement is that volume is heavily restricted, then the businesses won’t function,” he said.  The EU Commission is considering boosting the tourism industry by investing money from the EU budget. The sector accounts for 10 percent of the bloc’s GDP, and more than 27 million people work in tourism-related jobs.  
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The head of Germany’s disease control institute said Tuesday the rate of new COVID-19 infections in that country continues to drop but says a second – or even third wave of infections is likely.Robert Koch Institute President Lothar Wieler spoke with reporters in a virtual briefing in Berlin saying in the last few days, only 700 to 1,600 new cases per day were reported, showing the rate of increase continues to fall, which he called “very good news.”  The head of the Robert Koch Institute Lothar Wieler, addresses a news conference on the coronavirus and the COVID-19 disease in Berlin, Germany, April 28, 2020.Wieler said Germany’s current reproduction rate – the number of people infected by one person with the coronavirus – is at 0.71, less than one to one.  But he warned it is the nature of a virus in a pandemic to stay active until 60 to 70 percent of the population has been infected.  That is why he says there is “a large degree of certainty among scientists that there will be a second wave. And many also assume that there will be a third wave.”Wieler said Germany will be much better prepared for a second wave, depending on how strong it is. He said they are developing a smart phone application to help with “contact tracing” – tracing those people who have been in contact with a person who has tested positive for the virus – that will be helpful in the controlling the spread of the virus.Germany is in the process of loosening some social and economic restrictions it put in place in March to control the spread of the coronavirus. 
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With Turkey battling COVID-19, Turks are turning to a traditional custom to contain the virus: sweet smelling cologne, known as “kolonya”.  With its high alcoholic content, cologne is widely accepted as useful in killing the coronavirus on people’s hands. From major producers to local chemists, all are working to keep up with the surge in demand. Ziya Melih Sezer, 89 years old, is perhaps Istanbul’s oldest chemist. His profession keeps him exempt from the nationwide lockdown on people over 65. Donning a chic beret, Sezer continues to open his pharmacy to serve the local people, like his family has done for more than century.  Family pharmacy certificates dating back before the Turkish republic attribute to the Sezer’s family serving Istanbul for more than a century. (D. Jones/VOA)On the wall of his store hangs his family’s pharmacy qualifications written in Ottoman script dating back before the Turkish Republic.  Sezer recalls previous health crises to hit Istanbul. The typhus epidemic during World War Two was denied by authorities who dismissed the outbreak as malicious propaganda, he says. Cholera, in 1973, was “terrible,” with people fleeing the districts hit by the waterborne disease. But the coronavirus is the greatest challenge, he says “Nothing like this happened. Nothing like this panic,” Sezer said. “I haven’t heard such rate of deaths, never seen anything like that. People are collapsing and dying like a house of cards.” According to Turkish healthy ministry figures, over 3,000 people have died from the disease, with more than 60% of those deaths in Istanbul.  Distinct lemon scentIstanbul’s mayor, Ekrem Imamoglu of the opposition CHP, suggests the death rate is probably much higher. The government vehemently denies Imamoglu’s accusation. Chemist Ziya Melih Sezer, every week for decades, prepares cologne, which is now in high demand as a way of sterilizing hands to prevent COVID’s spreading. (D. Jones/VOA)In a tiny back room, Sezer, in his small way, is helping to battle the virus. For decades he, like many chemists, produces cologne, carefully mixing fragrances with alcohol. In a large pestle and mortar, he pounds the ingredients that give the cologne its distinct lemon scent so loved by Turks. Sezer then, with a steady hand, carefully mixes in the alcohol, which he says is so effective in killing the coronavirus on people’s hands. As the virus spreads across Turkey and with it a growing awareness to regularly sterilize hands, demand for cologne has surged.  “At the beginning of the coronavirus, there was a real high demand,” Sezer said. “For a short while, there was a shortage of ingredients.” Part of Turkish lifeCologne, for more than a century, is a part of the fabric of Turkish life.  “Still cologne is a very important tradition in Turkey,” said Mehmet Muderrisoglu, owner of Rebul Pharmacy. His son Kerim runs the family firm Atelier Rebul, one of Turkey’s most prominent cologne producers. Traditional lemon-scented cologne is an essential part of Turkish culture. But its 80% alcohol content means it’s effective in sterilizing hands, becoming an important part of the country’s battle to contain COVID. (D. Jones/VOA)”There are few traditions when you visit an office or a house. One. You are offered a cup of tea, two a lokum (sweet), and three, when you enter the house the first thing they would give you, is to distribute cologne. This is the fragrant lemon cologne, and it is (also) good for disinfecting,” Muderrisoglu added. “I don’t think another society has that much consumption of cologne as the Turkish society,” said Professor Istar Gozaydin, an expert on religion and the Turkish State. Professor Istar Gozaydin says the widespread use of cologne in turkey is apart of Turkish identity. (VOA/D. Jones)Enduring popularity Gozaydin says Turkey being a predominantly Muslim country in part, explains cologne’s enduring popularity. “Cleanliness is a very important part of Turkishness, probably has to do with its religious identity, which is Islam, that demands washing before praying fives a day.”  “However, among Muslim societies, the Turkish one is quite unique. Cleanliness among Turks extends to washing oneself only with running water is an example, or to be obsessed with washing oneself after deification, washing oneself after sex. Yes, it has to do with identity, and the widespread use of cologne is a part of this culture of cleanliness,” added Gozaydin. Cologne came to Turkey from Europe in the 19th century. A Frenchman founded Atelier Rebul, which is at the forefront of meeting the surging demand.   “The first week was a boom. It was a very booming subject because everybody was running behind the cologne,” said Muderrisoglu, admitting they initially struggled to keep up with demand as people stocked up.  Sorry, but your browser cannot support embedded video of this type, you can
download this video to view it offline. Embed” />CopyMuderrisoglu, says they are now on top of demand, with calm starting to return to the market, “Now it is decreasing to normal.” But cologne’s sterilizing qualities are now demanded not only in Turkey. “Now we are exporting to Europe a lot. Previously cologne was never accepted in the European market. But now the European market is an important market for the cologne industry.” Fortunately, the surge in demand coincides with Atelier Rebul, opening a new factory that will triple production. Meaning there should be plenty of cologne to go round. 
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With Turkey battling COVID-19, Turks are turning to a traditional custom to contain the virus: sweet smelling cologne.  With its high alcoholic content, cologne is widely accepted as useful in killing the coronavirus on people’s hands. From major producers to local chemists, all are working to keep up with the surge in demand. Ziya Melih Sezer, 89 years old, is perhaps Istanbul’s oldest chemist. His profession keeps him exempt from the nationwide lockdown on people over 65. Donning a chic beret, Sezer continues to open his pharmacy to serve the local people, like his family has done for more than century.  Family pharmacy certificates dating back before the Turkish republic attribute to the Sezer’s family serving Istanbul for more than a century. (D. Jones/VOA)On the wall of his store hangs his family’s pharmacy qualifications written in Ottoman script dating back before the Turkish Republic.  Sezer recalls previous health crises to hit Istanbul. The typhus epidemic during World War Two was denied by authorities who dismissed the outbreak as malicious propaganda, he says. Cholera, in 1973, was “terrible,” with people fleeing the districts hit by the waterborne disease. But the coronavirus is the greatest challenge, he says “Nothing like this happened. Nothing like this panic,” Sezer said. “I haven’t heard such rate of deaths, never seen anything like that. People are collapsing and dying like a house of cards.” According to Turkish healthy ministry figures, over 3,000 people have died from the disease, with more than 60% of those deaths in Istanbul.  Distinct lemon scentIstanbul’s mayor, Ekrem Imamoglu of the opposition CHP, suggests the death rate is probably much higher. The government vehemently denies Imamoglu’s accusation. Chemist Ziya Melih Sezer, every week for decades, prepares cologne, which is now in high demand as a way of sterilizing hands to prevent COVID’s spreading. (D. Jones/VOA)In a tiny back room, Sezer, in his small way, is helping to battle the virus. For decades he, like many chemists, produces cologne, carefully mixing fragrances with alcohol. In a large pestle and mortar, he pounds the ingredients that give the cologne its distinct lemon scent so loved by Turks. Sezer then, with a steady hand, carefully mixes in the alcohol, which he says is so effective in killing the coronavirus on people’s hands. As the virus spreads across Turkey and with it a growing awareness to regularly sterilize hands, demand for cologne has surged.  “At the beginning of the coronavirus, there was a real high demand,” Sezer said. “For a short while, there was a shortage of ingredients.” Part of Turkish lifeCologne, for more than a century, is a part of the fabric of Turkish life.  “Still cologne is a very important tradition in Turkey,” said Mehmet Muderrisoglu, owner of Rebul Pharmacy. His son Kerim runs the family firm Atelier Rebul, one of Turkey’s most prominent cologne producers. Traditional lemon-scented cologne is an essential part of Turkish culture. But its 80% alcohol content means it’s effective in sterilizing hands, becoming an important part of the country’s battle to contain COVID. (D. Jones/VOA)”There are few traditions when you visit an office or a house. One. You are offered a cup of tea, two a lokum (sweet), and three, when you enter the house the first thing they would give you, is to distribute cologne. This is the fragrant lemon cologne, and it is (also) good for disinfecting,” Muderrisoglu added. “I don’t think another society has that much consumption of cologne as the Turkish society,” said Professor Istar Gozaydin, an expert on religion and the Turkish State. Enduring popularity Gozaydin says Turkey being a predominantly Muslim country in part, explains cologne’s enduring popularity. “Cleanliness is a very important part of Turkishness, probably has to do with its religious identity, which is Islam, that demands washing before praying fives a day.”  “However, among Muslim societies, the Turkish one is quite unique. Cleanliness among Turks extends to washing oneself only with running water is an example, or to be obsessed with washing oneself after deification, washing oneself after sex. Yes, it has to do with identity, and the widespread use of cologne is a part of this culture of cleanliness,” added Gozaydin. Cologne came to Turkey from Europe in the 19th century. A Frenchman founded Atelier Rebul, which is at the forefront of meeting the surging demand.   “The first week was a boom. It was a very booming subject because everybody was running behind the cologne,” said Muderrisoglu, admitting they initially struggled to keep up with demand as people stocked up.  Sorry, but your browser cannot support embedded video of this type, you can
download this video to view it offline. Embed” />CopyMuderrisoglu, says they are now on top of demand, with calm starting to return to the market, “Now it is decreasing to normal.” But cologne’s sterilizing qualities are now demanded not only in Turkey. “Now we are exporting to Europe a lot. Previously cologne was never accepted in the European market. But now the European market is an important market for the cologne industry.” Fortunately, the surge in demand coincides with Atelier Rebul, opening a new factory that will triple production. Meaning there should be plenty of cologne to go round. 
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With the number of coronavirus infections continuing to rise in Turkey, the country is – like many others – anxiously awaiting a vaccine. Until one comes, many Turks are turning to an old tradition: perfume. From Istanbul, Dorian Jones reports.
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Governments across Europe are facing a coronavirus-related revolt from the elderly, who are pushing back on plans that would see their home-confinement prolonged as restrictions on other age groups are slowly relaxed. Seniors say a prolonged “gray lockdown” amounts to age discrimination and will probably cut their lives short anyway, regardless of the coronavirus.They have support from some doctors, who warn of the “impact” lockdowns are having on the “physical and mental health” of the elderly.In Britain, where all those aged 70 and over, regardless of their health, have been classified as “clinically vulnerable” and told to stay at home, the British Medical Association (BMA) has urged Prime Minister Boris Johnson to include the elderly in any plans for easing the coronavirus lockdown in the coming weeks. Home confinement is damaging the mental health of seniors, they say.FILE – Elderly people wait for a Sainsburys supermarket to open as the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues, in Hertford, Britain, March 19, 2020.Age alone should not determine people’s ability to resume aspects of their daily lives when the government begins easing the overall lockdown restrictions in the coming weeks, the BMA says.In a statement, the BMA said, “A blanket ban on any section of the population being prohibited from lockdown easing would be discriminatory and unacceptable.” The doctors’ association acknowledged the government should ensure that “those at highest risk from infection are protected,” but added, “This needs to be based on individual risk that would apply at all ages rather than an arbitrary age of 60 or 70.”Muir Gray, professor of primary health care at Britain’s Oxford University, has warned of  a “de-conditioning syndrome,” in which reduced physical and mental activity “increases the risk of dementia and frailty.”Those at greatest risk to the coronavirus are the over-70s, but the elderly say they should be allowed to make their own risk assessments as other age groups are slowly released from confinement.FILE – Stanley Johnson, father of the British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, speaks at an event on climate change, in London, Oct. 9, 2019.”It should be up to us to determine our own risk, and judge whether we can finally see our children and grandchildren again,” according to commentator Magnus Linklater.As debate rages in Britain over the future of the elderly, Boris Johnson’s father, Stanley, has entered the fray, saying he hopes his son will end restrictions on seniors in time for his 80th birthday in August as he hopes to join an expedition to climb Mount Kilimanjaro to raise money for a charity.”I am rather hoping they will ease the restrictions in time,” the elder Johnson said.FranceAfter a pushback from the elderly in France, President Emmanuel Macron assured seniors his government will try to avoid setting separate rules for older people as the easing of the coronavirus confinement unfolds. The French president was forced to offer the concession when a backlash mounted after his top scientific adviser, Jean-François Delfraissy, said home confinement should continue for people over the age of 65 for the foreseeable future.”The President has followed the growing debate about the situation for elderly citizens,” the Elysee palace said in a statement last month. “He does not want there to be any discrimination among citizens after May 11 in the context of a gradual easing of confinement measures, and will appeal to people’s individual responsibility.”FILE – Marguerite Mouille, 94, gestures while her visiting daughter takes a photo at the Kaisesberg nursing home, eastern France, April 21, 2020.Generational tensions The debate is underscoring generational tensions in Europe. As countries started to lock down in March and April, governments appealed to cross-generational solidarity, arguing that the young had a duty to abide by restrictions in order to shield the most-at-risk groups, those with underlying health conditions, the old and frail.While many, if not most, people, both young and old, have responded to the appeals, there have been signs of generational friction — as well as complaints by both sides. Some youngsters bristled at lockdowns and flouted restrictions, with especially rebellious ones disobeying the rules on social distancing. Some held “lockdown parties” and “end of world” drinking sessions, joking on social media sites that the pandemic was the perfect opportunity for the removal of the baby boomer generation. Baby boomers are generally thought to have been born between 1946 and 1964.Millennials (born between 1981 and the mid-’90s) and youngsters from Generation Z (born between the mid-’90s and 2015), have also complained that they will be the ones who will have to bear the brunt of the economic costs of the coronavirus, rather than the old, much as what happened after the 2008 crash. State pensions in most European countries after the financial crash were shielded for the elderly and increased in line with inflation; austerity measures hit youngsters harder, their advocates say.FILE – Reinier Sijpkens performs classical music on his music boat for elderly people confined to their nursing home because of the coronavirus, in Heemstede, Netherlands, April 27, 2020.The elderly have said that they too suffered after 2008 with low returns on their savings — as they are suffering now. Nonetheless, there have been mounting calls for the huge economic cost of the pandemic emergency measures to be shared equally between old and young in the years ahead.”Quite rightly, society is making sacrifices to protect its elderly right now. There is a clear case for intergenerational reciprocation when it comes to meeting the fiscal costs of the crisis in the years ahead,” said Scott Corfe of the Social Market Foundation, a research group based in London.While some youngsters, who are less at risk from the coronavirus, have earned the ire of government officials and scientists for blithely flouting coronavirus restrictions, there have also been complaints of some seniors not observing lockdown rules, especially in central Europe, where pensioners have crowded markets. Romanian authorities cracked down on pensioners, ordering those aged over 65 only to venture from their homes between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. unless seeking urgent medical care.Craig Turp, the editor of Emerging Europe, a news site, suggested that the more carefree attitude of central Europe’s elderly had much to do with the history they have experienced.”War, deportation, poverty, dictatorship and revolution: They harden the spirit, darken the soul.” He went on to write, “For anyone who has lived through them, why would an invisible threat such as coronavirus pose any concern at all?”  
 
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As the coronavirus scythed through nursing homes, cutting a deadly path, Valerie Martin vowed to herself that the story would be different in the home she runs in France.  The action she took to stop the virus from infecting and killing the vulnerable older adults in her care was both drastic and effective: Martin and her staff locked themselves in with the 106 residents.  For 47 days and nights, staff and residents of the Vilanova nursing home on the outskirts of the east-central city of Lyon waited out the coronavirus storm together, while COVID-19 killed tens of thousands of people in other homes across Europe, including more than 9,000 in France. “I said, ‘No. Not mine. My residents still have so much to live for,'” Martin said in an interview. “I don’t want this virus to kill them when they have been through so much.”  On Monday, Martin and 12 colleagues who stayed in the home for the full duration ended their quarantine with hugs of celebration and singing, and with an uplifting victory: Coronavirus tests conducted on the residents and staff all came back negative. The caregivers, who nicknamed themselves “the happily confined,” left in a convoy of cars, joyously honking horns and heading for reunions with families, pets and homes.  “We succeeded,” Martin said. “Every day, every hour, was a win.”  While COVID-19 killed people by the dozens at some other homes, Martin said there were just four deaths at Vilanova during their lockdown and that none appears to have been linked to the virus. The average age of residents at the home is 87 and the deaths were not unexpected, she said.  Because staff and residents were locked in together, Vilanova didn’t have to confine people to their rooms like other homes to shield them from the risk of infection brought in from outside. That spared residents the loneliness that has been agonizing for others. Vilanova allowed residents to continue to mingle and to get fresh air outside.May Day in France: Virtual Protests and Little to CelebrateThe coronavirus pandemic has battered the country’s economy and jobs, leaving workers anxious about the futureThe son of a 95-year-old resident described the staff as “a fantastic team,” saying they saved his mother by shielding her from the virus and keeping her spirits up, even holding celebrations for her birthday on April 17. Gilles Barret said the home’s daily Facebook posts of news, photos and videos also were “such a comfort.”  “It saved lives,” he said. “Perfect, perfect. I tip my hat to them.”  Martin said she didn’t want their residents to feel like “prisoners” and that it wouldn’t have felt right to her had she continued to come and go from the home while depriving them of their liberty during France’s lockdown, in place since March 17. Residents were confined to their rooms for two days at the beginning while staffers gave the home a thorough cleaning, and that proved “a catastrophe,” Martin said. “In two days, we already saw people who started no longer wanting to eat, people who didn’t want to get up, people who said, ‘Why are you washing me? It’s pointless,'” she said, In all, 29 of the 50 staff volunteered to stay, bringing pillows, sleeping bags and clothes on March 18 for what they initially thought might be a three-week stay but which they subsequently opted to extend. Other staff came from outside to help and were kept apart from residents and made to wear masks and take other protective measures to prevent infections. The carers slept on mattresses on the floor. Martin slept in her office. One of the volunteers left a 10-month-old baby at home. The team tallied the days on a blackboard marked: “Always together with heart.”  “It was tough,” said caregiver Vanessa Robert. But there were also moments of “total joy, getting together in the evenings, fooling around, tossing water bombs at each other.”  Martin said her top priority now is to console her estranged cat, Fanta. And one of the weirdest moments of the lockdown was climbing back into her car and hearing the same tune on the CD player — Limp Bizkit’s “Mission Impossible” soundtrack — that she had been listening to when she parked seven weeks earlier. “It was a bit like entering a holiday camp,” she said. “Living a lockdown with 130 people is extremely rewarding.”
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